GLP-1 receptor agonists (also Incretin mimetics or colloquially known as “weight loss injections”) are one of the most important modern drug classes for type 2 diabetes and obesity. They mimic the intestinal hormone GLP-1 and not only lower blood sugar, but also lead to significant weight loss in many patients.
Mode of action
GLP-1 receptor agonists act in several places at the same time:
- Increase in insulin-dependent insulin secretion (only with elevated blood sugar)
- Inhibition of glucagon release
- Delay in gastric emptying (satiating effect)
- Central appetite inhibition in the brain
Important active ingredients and preparations (as of 2026)
| active ingredient | Well-known brand names | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide | Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus | Injection once a week or tablet daily |
| Dulaglutide | Trulicity | Injection once a week |
| Liraglutide | Victoza, Saxenda | Injection once daily |
| Tirzepatide (dual agonist GIP/GLP-1) | Mounjaro | Injection once a week (strongest weight-bearing effect) |
Advantages
- Significant weight loss (often 10-15% of body weight)
- Very low risk of hypoglycemia with monotherapy
- Proven protection against heart attack, stroke and heart failure
- Positive effect on kidneys and liver
Side effects
The most common side effects are initially gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation). For most patients, these wear off after a few weeks. The dose is therefore increased slowly.
Further information:
→ Diabetes mellitus – knowledge and overview
→ Why hyporest
→ Type 2 diabetes
Sources
- German Diabetes Society (DDG). S3 guideline “Type 2 diabetes”. As of 2025. Available at: www.deutsche-diabetes-gesellschaft.de/leitlinien.
- American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(Suppl 1). Available at: diabetesjournals.org.
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI). Federal health reporting – diabetes mellitus in Germany. Berlin 2024.
- International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF Diabetes Atlas. 11th edition. Brussels 2025. Available at: diabetesatlas.org.
Important note:
The information in this encyclopedia article is intended solely for general and non-binding information. They do not replace medical advice, diagnosis or therapy. If you have any health questions or complaints, please always consult a doctor or qualified healthcare professional. The content was created with the greatest possible care, but errors cannot be completely ruled out.
Last updated: February 26, 2026
